Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass®. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of these glasses has led them to be used as implant devices in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bones.[2] Most bioactive glasses are silicate based glasses that are degradable in body fluids and can act as a vehicle for delivering ions beneficial for healing.
There have been many variations on the original composition which was Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and termed Bioglass. This composition is known as Bioglass 45S5. Other compositions include:
• 45S5: 45 wt% SiO2, 24.5 wt% CaO, 24.5 wt% Na2O and 6.0 wt% P2O5. Bioglass®
• S53P4: 53 wt% SiO2, 23 wt% Na2O, 20 wt% CaO and 4 wt% P2O5. (S53P4 is the only bacterial growth inhibiting bioactive glass).
• 58S: 58 wt% SiO2, 33 wt% CaO and 9 wt% P2O5.
• 70S30C: 70 wt% SiO2, 30 wt% CaO.
• 13-93: 53 wt% SiO2, 6 wt% Na2O, 12 wt% K2O, 5 wt% MgO, 20 wt% CaO, 4 wt% P2O5.
When bioactive glass is in contact with simulated body solution (SBF), a layer of hydroxyapatite is formed on it, which has a great effect on creating a strong bond between bioactive glass and bone. These materials have the ability to bond with the soft and hard tissue of the body.
Bioglass 45S5 or calcium sodium phosphosilicate, is a bioactive glass specifically composed of 45 wt% SiO2, 24.5 wt% CaO, 24.5 wt% Na2O, and 6.0 wt% P2O5.[1] Typical applications of Bioglass 45S5 include: bone grafting biomaterials, repair of periodontal defects, cranial and maxillofacial repair, wound care, blood loss control, stimulation of vascular regeneration, and nerve repair.
Applications of bioactive glasses:
• Bone substitutes
• Hypoallergenic toothpaste
• Covering implants
• Strengthening dental composites
• Bleeding control and wound healing
• Cosmetics and hygiene products such as skin rejuvenating creams, varnishes, etc.